A mosquito repellent is a substance applied to skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages mosquitoes (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on that surface. There is also Mosquito repellent products available based on sound production, particularly ultrasound (inaudibly high frequency sounds). These electronic devices have been shown to have no effect as a mosquito repellent by studies done by the EPA and many universities.
A liquid Mosquito repellent is a kind of a liquid which is applied to skin which helps to discourage mosquitoes. liquid mosquito repellents help prevent and control the outbreak of Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, Lyme disease, Dengue fever, bubonic plague, and West Nile fever. Pest animals commonly serving as vectors for disease include the mosquito’s flea, fly, and mosquito; and the arachnid tick.
Saturday, December 11, 2010
FRAUNHOFFER DIFFRACTION
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Ok, Dear we now consider fraunhoffer diffraction of monochromatic light by a narrow slit. Let a parallel beam of monochromatic light be incident normally on an opaque plate having a long narrow slit in it.
According to geometrical optics, the transmitted beam, on the screen, should have uniform illumination of the same cross-section (X,Y) as that of the slit. Contrary to this, when a transmitted beam is focused by a lens on the screen, we observe a diffraction pattern. It consists of
(i) A very intense central bright band, much wider than the slit width, in the direction of incidence.
ii) A set of dark and subsidary maxima of decreasing intensity, on either side of central bright band.
iii) The central bright maxima is called Central Maxima and secondary Maxima.
To obtain a Fraunhoffer class of diffraction due to a slit, the incident wavefront is plane which is obtained by using a convex lens in such a way that source lies in the focal plane of the lens. The diffracted light from the slit is again collected on the screen with the help of convex lens, so that the source and screen are at infinite distances from the obstacle. The experimental arrangement is a source of monochromatic light of wavelength.
Ok, Dear we now consider fraunhoffer diffraction of monochromatic light by a narrow slit. Let a parallel beam of monochromatic light be incident normally on an opaque plate having a long narrow slit in it.
According to geometrical optics, the transmitted beam, on the screen, should have uniform illumination of the same cross-section (X,Y) as that of the slit. Contrary to this, when a transmitted beam is focused by a lens on the screen, we observe a diffraction pattern. It consists of
(i) A very intense central bright band, much wider than the slit width, in the direction of incidence.
ii) A set of dark and subsidary maxima of decreasing intensity, on either side of central bright band.
iii) The central bright maxima is called Central Maxima and secondary Maxima.
To obtain a Fraunhoffer class of diffraction due to a slit, the incident wavefront is plane which is obtained by using a convex lens in such a way that source lies in the focal plane of the lens. The diffracted light from the slit is again collected on the screen with the help of convex lens, so that the source and screen are at infinite distances from the obstacle. The experimental arrangement is a source of monochromatic light of wavelength.
Tuesday, December 7, 2010
METHOD OF REDUCING SPHERICAL ABERRATION
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Dear readers, here is me with new topic regarding physic science about method of reducing spherical aberration as follow:
The spherical aberration as explained above cannot be eliminated completely for a single lens with spherical surfaces. This is because it arises due to the 'spherical' shape of the lens and its amount is proportional to the square of the radius of the portion of lens surface through which the light rays pass. It can, however, he reduced appreciably by the following methods :
i) By use of stops. Obviously spherical aberration can be reduced it either the marginal rays or the central rays are cut off by using suitable stops, the rest of the rays come practically to a point focus. The stop is usually circular and its center coincides with the pole of the lens.In camera lenses the marginal rays are cut off by placing a narrow circular aperture. In telescope objectives, which have large aperture, the central rays are cut off by covering the central portion of the lens. But use of stops reduces the intensity of light and the brightness of the image.
ii) By combining suitable convex and concave lenses. We have already seen that the spherical aberration for a converging lens is positive and that for a diverging lens is negative. Therefore, by suitably combining a convex lens with a concave lens, spherical aberration may be minimized.
Dear readers, here is me with new topic regarding physic science about method of reducing spherical aberration as follow:
i) By use of stops. Obviously spherical aberration can be reduced it either the marginal rays or the central rays are cut off by using suitable stops, the rest of the rays come practically to a point focus. The stop is usually circular and its center coincides with the pole of the lens.In camera lenses the marginal rays are cut off by placing a narrow circular aperture. In telescope objectives, which have large aperture, the central rays are cut off by covering the central portion of the lens. But use of stops reduces the intensity of light and the brightness of the image.
ii) By combining suitable convex and concave lenses. We have already seen that the spherical aberration for a converging lens is positive and that for a diverging lens is negative. Therefore, by suitably combining a convex lens with a concave lens, spherical aberration may be minimized.
PRODUCTION OF POLARIZED LIGHT
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In this section we will study various methods for the production of linearly polarized light waves. The wire grid polarizer and the polaroid. A wire grid polarizer consists of a large number of thin copper wires placed parallel to each other. when an unpolarized light wave which is of course an electromagneic wave is incident on it, then the component of electric vector parallel to the length of wire is absorbed. This is because of the fact that the electric field does not work on the electrons inside the thin wires and the energy associated with the electric field is lost in the joule heating of the wires. On the other hand, as the wires are assumed to be very thin, the component of electric vector along x-axis passes through without much alternation. Thus, the emergent beam is linearly polarized with electric vector along the x-axis. However, for the system to be effective (i.e for the Ev component to be almost completely atteunated, the spacing between the wires should be clearly, the fabrication for such a polarizer for a 3 cm micro wave is relatively easy because the space has to be ~3cm. on the other hand, as the light waves are associated with a very small wavelength
Monday, December 6, 2010
NATURE OF LIGHT WAVES
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The experiments illustrating interference and diffraction of light studied in previous chapters have shown beyond doubt that light like sound is some form of wave motion. These experiments do not reveal whether the light waves are longitudinal or transverse because phenomenon of interference and diffraction can occur with both longitudinal and transverse waves. We shall, therefore, investigate the nature of light waves and to begin with, we shall describe an important feature which distinguishes the two types. From the study of sound, we know that sound travesl in the form of longitudial waves and properties of such a wave motion are the same with respect to any plane through its line of propagation while a transervese wave behaves differently in different planes. The statement can be illustrated by a simple mechanical analogy given below :
The experiments illustrating interference and diffraction of light studied in previous chapters have shown beyond doubt that light like sound is some form of wave motion. These experiments do not reveal whether the light waves are longitudinal or transverse because phenomenon of interference and diffraction can occur with both longitudinal and transverse waves. We shall, therefore, investigate the nature of light waves and to begin with, we shall describe an important feature which distinguishes the two types. From the study of sound, we know that sound travesl in the form of longitudial waves and properties of such a wave motion are the same with respect to any plane through its line of propagation while a transervese wave behaves differently in different planes. The statement can be illustrated by a simple mechanical analogy given below :Take a stretched rubber cord CD threading through two narrow slits S1 and S2 cut in card board pieces and placed parallel to each other in the vertical planes. End D of the cord is fixed. Now set up a longitudinal wave in CD by moving the end C forward and backward along the cord. Rotate any of the slits about CD as axis. It will be found that this rotation does not effect the passage of the wave, ie. the wave passes through the first and second slits without being affected at all i whatever position the slits may be arranged. Thus, a longitudinal wave motion has the same properties with respect to all planes throughout its line of advance.
MOSQUITO REPLELLANT
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Introduction
History:
The first truly effective active ingredient used in liquid mosquito repellents was citronella oil. This material is an herbal extract derived from the citronella plant, an Asian grass. While citronella had been used for centuries for medicinal purposes, its repellence was only accidentally discovered in 1901, when it was used as a hairdressing fragrance. Since citronella oil is a fragrant material, it is thought that the chemical terpenes of which it is composed are responsible for its repellent activity. Citronella oil does repel mosquitoes, but it has certain characteristics which limit its effectiveness. For example, it is very volatile and evaporates too quickly from surfaces to which it is applied. Also, large amounts are needed to be effective.
Mosquito repellent safety:
Regarding safety with Mosquito repellent use on children and pregnant women:
• Children may be at greater risk for adverse reactions to repellents, in part, because their exposure may be greater.
• Keep repellents out of the reach of children.
• Do not allow children to apply repellents to them.
• Use only small amounts of repellent on children.
• Do not apply repellents to the hands of young children because this may result in accidental eye contact or ingestion.
• Try to reduce the use of repellents by dressing children in long sleeves and long pants tucked into boots or socks whenever possible. Use netting over strollers, playpens, etc.
• As with chemical exposures in general, pregnant women should take care to avoid exposures to repellents when practical, as the fetus may be vulnerable.
Regardless of which repellent product used, it is recommended to read the label before use and carefully follow directions.[13] Usage instructions for repellents vary from country to country. Some Liquid mosquito repellents are not recommended for use on younger children.
Liquid Mosquito repellent is the most effective way to combat mosquitoes that may spread diseases such as malaria, dengue and Japanese encephalitis. Liquid liquid mosquito repellents with deep reach action keeps mosquito away from every corner of the home. They also keep the fresh with their unique fragrance.
Mosquito repellent safety:
Regarding safety with Mosquito repellent use on children and pregnant women:
• Children may be at greater risk for adverse reactions to repellents, in part, because their exposure may be greater.
• Keep repellents out of the reach of children.
• Do not allow children to apply repellents to them.
• Use only small amounts of repellent on children.
• Do not apply repellents to the hands of young children because this may result in accidental eye contact or ingestion.
• Try to reduce the use of repellents by dressing children in long sleeves and long pants tucked into boots or socks whenever possible. Use netting over strollers, playpens, etc.
• As with chemical exposures in general, pregnant women should take care to avoid exposures to repellents when practical, as the fetus may be vulnerable.
Regardless of which repellent product used, it is recommended to read the label before use and carefully follow directions.[13] Usage instructions for repellents vary from country to country. Some Liquid mosquito repellents are not recommended for use on younger children.
Liquid Mosquito repellent is the most effective way to combat mosquitoes that may spread diseases such as malaria, dengue and Japanese encephalitis. Liquid liquid mosquito repellents with deep reach action keeps mosquito away from every corner of the home. They also keep the fresh with their unique fragrance.
Sunday, December 5, 2010
MULTI BEAM INTERFEROMETRY -TOPIC
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The interference between two beams which are derived from a single beam either by division of wavefront or by division of amplitude. Here we shall discuss the interference due to many beams which are derived from a single beam by multiple reflections - division of amplitude.
If a plane wave falls on parallel glass plate, then the beam would undergo multiple reflections at the two surfaces and a large number of beams of decreasing amplitudes will emerge on both sides of the plate. These beams on either side interfere to produce interference pattern at infinity. The interference fringes so produced are much sharper than those formed by interference produced by two beams. The interferometers involving multiple beam interference have very high resolving power and have application in high resolution spectroscopy.
FABRY- PEROT INTERFEROMETER
Fabry -Perot interferometer is based on the principle of multiple beam interference. It consists of two plane parallel glass plates A and B whose inside surfaces are silvered. Light from a point S of an extended source falls on plate A at an angle 0. The transmitted light after multiple reflection between the glass plates in the air film is brought to focus at P by the lens L. The intensity of transmitted light is maximum when the path difference between the rays. The interference pattern is concentric rings with O as center. Each ring corresponds to a particular value of 0. The radius of the ring is OP and the fringes are called fringes of constant inclination or Haidinger Fringes.
INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT
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According to the wave theory of light, the light emitted from a source travels in the medium in the form of waves. With a single source of light, the distribution of light energy in the surrounding medium is uniform. When there are two sources, under certain conditions called coherent sources, the distribution of light energy is no longer uniform. There are certain regions where the intensity of light is maximum and there are also certain regions where the intensity of light is minimum. The energy due to the two sources is thus disturbed. This redistribution of light energy obtained by the superposition of light waves from two coherent sources of light is called interference of light. At points where the crest of one wave falls over the crest of the other wave or a trough of one wave falls over the trough of the other wave, the resultant amplitude of the resulting wave is maximum.
At such points the intensity of light is maximum and this is called constructive interference. Similarly at points where the crest of one wave falls over the trough of the other wave, the resultant amplitude of the resulting wave is minimum. At such point, the intensity of light is minimum and this is called destructive interference.
Types of Interference
Interference can be divided in the following two classes ;
a) Interference by division of wavefront: In this class, a wave-front is divided into two parts either by reflection or by refraction. These two parts obtained fro the same wavefront travel and interfere to produce interference pattern.
b) Interference by division of amplitude : In this class, the amplitude of beam of monochromatic light is divided into two parts either by partial reflection or refraction. The divided beams so obtained interfere and produce interference pattern.
According to the wave theory of light, the light emitted from a source travels in the medium in the form of waves. With a single source of light, the distribution of light energy in the surrounding medium is uniform. When there are two sources, under certain conditions called coherent sources, the distribution of light energy is no longer uniform. There are certain regions where the intensity of light is maximum and there are also certain regions where the intensity of light is minimum. The energy due to the two sources is thus disturbed. This redistribution of light energy obtained by the superposition of light waves from two coherent sources of light is called interference of light. At points where the crest of one wave falls over the crest of the other wave or a trough of one wave falls over the trough of the other wave, the resultant amplitude of the resulting wave is maximum.At such points the intensity of light is maximum and this is called constructive interference. Similarly at points where the crest of one wave falls over the trough of the other wave, the resultant amplitude of the resulting wave is minimum. At such point, the intensity of light is minimum and this is called destructive interference.
Types of Interference
Interference can be divided in the following two classes ;
a) Interference by division of wavefront: In this class, a wave-front is divided into two parts either by reflection or by refraction. These two parts obtained fro the same wavefront travel and interfere to produce interference pattern.
b) Interference by division of amplitude : In this class, the amplitude of beam of monochromatic light is divided into two parts either by partial reflection or refraction. The divided beams so obtained interfere and produce interference pattern.
Tuesday, November 30, 2010
ACID AND ITS CLASSIFICATION
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ACID: Acids are the substance which when dissolve in water give hydrogen ion or hydronium ion .
Acids are classified into two category on the basis of their occurrence:
Organic acid : the acids which obtained from the nature and in living things and plants called organic acid.For Example vinegar, citric acid in lemon.
Inorganic acid: the acids which are obtained from the minerals of earth crust called inorganic acid.for Example sulphuric acic, hyrochloric acid.
on the basis of their strength:
Weak acid: The acid which do not dissociate completely when dissolve in water. for example acetic acid
Strong Acid: The acid which completely dissociate in dissolve in water and give more concentration on hydrogen ion. For example hydrochloric acid.
on the basis of their concentration:
Concentrated Acid: chemical in which more amount of acid less amount of water.
Weak acid : Chemical in which less amount of acid and more amount of water
on the basis of their basicity:
Monobasic acid: the acis which give only one hyrogen ion when dissociate in water example hydrochloric acid
Diabasic Acid: The acid which give two hydrogen ion when dissolve in water for example sulphuric acid
Tribasic Acid: The acid which give three hydrogen ion when dissolve in water for example phosphoric acid.
ACID: Acids are the substance which when dissolve in water give hydrogen ion or hydronium ion .
Acids are classified into two category on the basis of their occurrence:
Organic acid : the acids which obtained from the nature and in living things and plants called organic acid.For Example vinegar, citric acid in lemon.
Inorganic acid: the acids which are obtained from the minerals of earth crust called inorganic acid.for Example sulphuric acic, hyrochloric acid.on the basis of their strength:
Weak acid: The acid which do not dissociate completely when dissolve in water. for example acetic acid
Strong Acid: The acid which completely dissociate in dissolve in water and give more concentration on hydrogen ion. For example hydrochloric acid.
on the basis of their concentration:
Concentrated Acid: chemical in which more amount of acid less amount of water.
Weak acid : Chemical in which less amount of acid and more amount of water
on the basis of their basicity:
Monobasic acid: the acis which give only one hyrogen ion when dissociate in water example hydrochloric acid
Diabasic Acid: The acid which give two hydrogen ion when dissolve in water for example sulphuric acid
Tribasic Acid: The acid which give three hydrogen ion when dissolve in water for example phosphoric acid.
Monday, November 22, 2010
TYPES OF MAGNET
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MAGNET IS OF TWO TYPES
ARTIFICIAL MAGNET: Magnet which do not occur in nature and made by artificial mean by man called artificial magnet. example electromagnet.
now artificial magnet is of two type
PERMANENT MAGNET: Magnet which do not loose its magnetism even after when the cause producing them is removed. example horse shoe magnet.
TEMPORARY MAGNET : Magnet which do not loose its magnetism even after cause producing then is removed example electro magnet.
MAGNET IS OF TWO TYPES
- NATURAL MAGNET
- ARTIFICIAL MAGNET
ARTIFICIAL MAGNET: Magnet which do not occur in nature and made by artificial mean by man called artificial magnet. example electromagnet.
now artificial magnet is of two type
PERMANENT MAGNET: Magnet which do not loose its magnetism even after when the cause producing them is removed. example horse shoe magnet.
TEMPORARY MAGNET : Magnet which do not loose its magnetism even after cause producing then is removed example electro magnet.
Sunday, November 21, 2010
MAGNET AND ITS PROPERTIES
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Now, today here we will discuss about all properties of MAGNET
A magnet is a substance that attract magnetic substance like iron, nickle and cobalt towards itself and this property of magnet due to which it attacts magnetic thing towards itself is called magnetism. The term magnet comes from a greek word 'magnesia' the discovery of magnet is related to a very interesting story happened in magnesia, a city in greece. Once, there was a shepherd, who takes his sheeps on a hill, where there is large mountains of magnet. One day he observed that the iron plate on his shoe sole gets attracted towards that mountain, then he came to village and told the villager about this whole phenomenon and this led to the discovery of magnet.
Properties of magnet -
1. If a magnet is suspended freely, it always direct towards the north, south direction.
2. Opposite pole of magnet attracts each other.
3. Same pole of magnet repels each other
4. If we cut any magnet into two pieces , the each piece of magnet will behave like a complete magnet in itself, it means no isolated pole can exist.
Now, today here we will discuss about all properties of MAGNET
A magnet is a substance that attract magnetic substance like iron, nickle and cobalt towards itself and this property of magnet due to which it attacts magnetic thing towards itself is called magnetism. The term magnet comes from a greek word 'magnesia' the discovery of magnet is related to a very interesting story happened in magnesia, a city in greece. Once, there was a shepherd, who takes his sheeps on a hill, where there is large mountains of magnet. One day he observed that the iron plate on his shoe sole gets attracted towards that mountain, then he came to village and told the villager about this whole phenomenon and this led to the discovery of magnet.
Properties of magnet -
1. If a magnet is suspended freely, it always direct towards the north, south direction.
2. Opposite pole of magnet attracts each other.
3. Same pole of magnet repels each other
4. If we cut any magnet into two pieces , the each piece of magnet will behave like a complete magnet in itself, it means no isolated pole can exist.
Saturday, November 20, 2010
MACHINE AND TYPE OF MACHINE
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If we want to open a cold drink bottle or to remove outer covering of coconut we use some devices like bottle opener or a sharp pointed rod and by using all these things our work become easy simple and faster and all these devices which make our work easy and faster is known as machine.
machine is of two type:
Complex machine:
If we want to open a cold drink bottle or to remove outer covering of coconut we use some devices like bottle opener or a sharp pointed rod and by using all these things our work become easy simple and faster and all these devices which make our work easy and faster is known as machine.
machine is of two type:
- Simple machine
- complex machine
Complex machine:
Wednesday, November 17, 2010
MOON AND PHASES OF MOON
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Moon is the natural satellite of Earth. It rotates around the earth on its axis, it complete its one rotation in 29.4 days and this time period is called lunar month. The moon does not have its own light, it gets the light from sun which is reflected from its surface, if we talk about its surface, it is very rough, it is not very smooth, it has so many holes, mountains, valleys on its surface, the mountains are very high and sharp. Holes are made by heavenly bodies which strikes on its surface during space troubles. A long narrow valleys on the moon is called rills and the deep holes on the moon surface is known as craters. If we have 48 kg weight on earth, then on moon, it will be 8 kg, so what is the difference if something loose in our body, when we went to moon, answer is - certainly not, it is the force of gravity due to which our weight will become less as moon has 1/6th gravity of that of earth.
Phases of Moon
We can see moon daily in the sky at night and we also notice that its shape is always differ from the previous one, day by day, So this changes in the shape of the moon is called phases of moon. There are two main phases of moon known as
NO MOON- When the moon is completely dark just because of no sunlight falls on its surface, according to its rotation time period, is known as No moon phase
FULL MOON- When the moon is completely bright, is called full moon.
The condition in which size of the moon is increasing is called waxing on the 4th day, less than one half portion of the moon is visible is called waxing, creacent,
Moon is the natural satellite of Earth. It rotates around the earth on its axis, it complete its one rotation in 29.4 days and this time period is called lunar month. The moon does not have its own light, it gets the light from sun which is reflected from its surface, if we talk about its surface, it is very rough, it is not very smooth, it has so many holes, mountains, valleys on its surface, the mountains are very high and sharp. Holes are made by heavenly bodies which strikes on its surface during space troubles. A long narrow valleys on the moon is called rills and the deep holes on the moon surface is known as craters. If we have 48 kg weight on earth, then on moon, it will be 8 kg, so what is the difference if something loose in our body, when we went to moon, answer is - certainly not, it is the force of gravity due to which our weight will become less as moon has 1/6th gravity of that of earth.
Phases of Moon
We can see moon daily in the sky at night and we also notice that its shape is always differ from the previous one, day by day, So this changes in the shape of the moon is called phases of moon. There are two main phases of moon known as
NO MOON- When the moon is completely dark just because of no sunlight falls on its surface, according to its rotation time period, is known as No moon phase
FULL MOON- When the moon is completely bright, is called full moon.
The condition in which size of the moon is increasing is called waxing on the 4th day, less than one half portion of the moon is visible is called waxing, creacent,
Tuesday, November 16, 2010
INTRODUCTION ABOUT OUR DAILY LIFE
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Time plays an important role in our life. We work according to the time given to us. If we are not able to finish our work in time, we are not able to manage our life also.
The sun gives us the idea of time. It is morning when the sun rises in the sky. After sometime, the sun appears high up in the sky, it is noon. When the sun is about to set, it is evening. When the moon appears in the sky or when it is completely dark, it is night.
We use watch or a clock to measure time. There are twenty-four hours in a day. An hour has sixty minutes. Each minute has sixty seconds. There are four or five weeks in a month. There are seven days in a week. There are twelve months in a year. There are thirty or thirty-one days in a month. There are 365/366 days in a year. Time is very precious for all of us.
Time plays an important role in our life. We work according to the time given to us. If we are not able to finish our work in time, we are not able to manage our life also.
The sun gives us the idea of time. It is morning when the sun rises in the sky. After sometime, the sun appears high up in the sky, it is noon. When the sun is about to set, it is evening. When the moon appears in the sky or when it is completely dark, it is night.
We use watch or a clock to measure time. There are twenty-four hours in a day. An hour has sixty minutes. Each minute has sixty seconds. There are four or five weeks in a month. There are seven days in a week. There are twelve months in a year. There are thirty or thirty-one days in a month. There are 365/366 days in a year. Time is very precious for all of us.
Detail summary on Bones and muscles
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MORE SUMMARY ON BONES AND MUSCLES
1)BONES
a)Meaning of bones
b)Joints
c)Skeleton
MUSCLES
a)Meaning of muscles
b)care of muscles
POSTURE
a)Sitting posture
b)Standing posture
c)Walking posture
BONES
Human body is made of bones and muscles covered by the skin.Ask them to press their arm,they feel something hard.Hard part is the bone. It gives shape and support to our body.. It supports the soft inner parts of the human body. There are about 206 bones in our body.
JOINTS
The place in our bodywhere two bones meet is called a joint.We can bend our body around our joints. They help us in moving our body. There are six joints in our bodywhich are as follows.
a)Neck joint
b)Elbow joint
c)Wrist joint
d)Hip joint
e)Knee joint
f)Ankle joint
SKELETON
The bones in the human body form a framework called a skeleton.It lies below the skin.Without it, the human body cannot stand.
CROSS QUESTIONS
Q:What is human body made up of?
A:Human body is made up of bones and muscles.
Q:What is a bone?
A:The hard part in our body is called a bone.
Q:What gives shape and support to our body?
A:Bones give shape and support to our body.
Q:How many bones are there in our body?
A:There are 206 bones in our body.
Q:What is a joint?
A:The place where two bones meet is called a joint.
Q:How many joints are there in our body?
TYPES OF FORCE
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FORCE IS OF FOLLOWING TYPES:
MECHANICAL FORCE: The force produced by the machine is called mechanical force. for example we switch on any button of any washing machine it will wash the cloth.
MAGNETIC FORCE: If we take a bar of magnet and bring the magnet near the iron nail the iron nails get attracted toward the magnet and this force exerted by magnet is called magnetic force.
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE: If we through any ball or any piece of stone it will come back to ground it mean earth attracted the ball and stone and any other thing toward itself and this force of attraction exerted by earth on all the things is known as gravitational force.
FRICTIONAL FORCE: If we roll a ball on the ground it will stop after traveling some distance it mean there is some force which make the ball stop from its motion and this force is known as frictional force so frictional is defined as the force which opposes the motion of one body over another when the two bodied are in contact with each other.
ELASTIC FORCE:When we stretched a rubber band its shape will be change, and when we remove the force, it will come back to its original position, so the force which changes the shape of the body temporary such that the body regains its original shape after removing the force is called elastic force.
ELECTROSTATIC FORCE- The force exerted by charges at rest, for example when you rub the comb on dry hairs, the charge present on the board comes in motion and starts conduct electricity that's why the hair gets attracted toward the comb.
ELECTRICAL FORCE - The force exerted by charges in motion, for eg- electricity flows in any conductor
FORCE IS OF FOLLOWING TYPES:
- MASCULAR FORCE
- MECHANICAL FORCE
- MAGNETIC FORCE
- GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
- FRICTIONAL FORCE
MECHANICAL FORCE: The force produced by the machine is called mechanical force. for example we switch on any button of any washing machine it will wash the cloth.
MAGNETIC FORCE: If we take a bar of magnet and bring the magnet near the iron nail the iron nails get attracted toward the magnet and this force exerted by magnet is called magnetic force.
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE: If we through any ball or any piece of stone it will come back to ground it mean earth attracted the ball and stone and any other thing toward itself and this force of attraction exerted by earth on all the things is known as gravitational force.
FRICTIONAL FORCE: If we roll a ball on the ground it will stop after traveling some distance it mean there is some force which make the ball stop from its motion and this force is known as frictional force so frictional is defined as the force which opposes the motion of one body over another when the two bodied are in contact with each other.
ELASTIC FORCE:When we stretched a rubber band its shape will be change, and when we remove the force, it will come back to its original position, so the force which changes the shape of the body temporary such that the body regains its original shape after removing the force is called elastic force.
ELECTROSTATIC FORCE- The force exerted by charges at rest, for example when you rub the comb on dry hairs, the charge present on the board comes in motion and starts conduct electricity that's why the hair gets attracted toward the comb.
ELECTRICAL FORCE - The force exerted by charges in motion, for eg- electricity flows in any conductor
Monday, November 15, 2010
FORCE - DEFINITION
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Force is defined as push or pull which change or tends to change the position of the object. The effects of the force are mentioned below;-
1. Force can change the shape of an object , for example when we squeeze a toothpaste , a shaving cream or any tube, its shape will be change physically.
2. Force can also change the direction of motion of an object, for example a crickter can change the direction of a cricket ball by hitting with the bat.
3. Force can change the speed of an object, for example, you can increase or decrease the speed of the cycle by paddling
4. Force can bring the object from rest to motion , for example - if a book is lying on the table, we can bring it in motion by pushing or by pulling it.
5. Force can brings an object from motion to rest, for example - a toy car is moving and we can stop that car by push or pull.
Force is a vector quantity, as it has both magnitude and direction.
Unit of the force is NEWTON and in CGS , it is dyne, we can calculate force by the formula F= m X a
where 'm' is the mass of an object and 'a' is the acceleration.
Force is defined as push or pull which change or tends to change the position of the object. The effects of the force are mentioned below;-
1. Force can change the shape of an object , for example when we squeeze a toothpaste , a shaving cream or any tube, its shape will be change physically.
2. Force can also change the direction of motion of an object, for example a crickter can change the direction of a cricket ball by hitting with the bat.
3. Force can change the speed of an object, for example, you can increase or decrease the speed of the cycle by paddling
4. Force can bring the object from rest to motion , for example - if a book is lying on the table, we can bring it in motion by pushing or by pulling it.
5. Force can brings an object from motion to rest, for example - a toy car is moving and we can stop that car by push or pull.
Force is a vector quantity, as it has both magnitude and direction.
Unit of the force is NEWTON and in CGS , it is dyne, we can calculate force by the formula F= m X a
where 'm' is the mass of an object and 'a' is the acceleration.
Sunday, November 14, 2010
SKELETON SYSTEM DEFINITION
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Skeleon sytem is the system of our body which supports and give shape to our body. The main parts of our skeleton system are -
BONES AND CARTILAGE
Bone is defined as the hard connective tissue made up of calcium and phosphorus salt and Cartilage is the very soft bony structure which made up of flexible tissues. There are 206 bones present in our body. In an infant, there are 350 bones are present which are very small as we grown up, all the bones are fused together which after that remains only 206. Our skeleton system having four parts.
First part is known as SKULL - It is a structure of eight flattened bones joint together which gives shape to our head, skull also protects our brain. Skull is divided into two parts, the upper part is known as caranium which having 8 bones and second part is known as facial which contains 12 bones, the only movable part of skull is lower jaw.
Second part is our CHEST REGION - Chest region consists of Ribcage (24 bones, it protects our heart and lungs) and spine (it protects our spinal cord and is made up of 33 small ring like structure which is known as vertebrae.
Third part is our LEGS AND ARMS- which helps in movement of our whole body, there are 60 bones present in our arms and 60 bones present in our legs.
Fourth part is our PELVIS REGION- in which four bones are present and which keeps our backbone in proper posture.
Skeleon sytem is the system of our body which supports and give shape to our body. The main parts of our skeleton system are -
BONES AND CARTILAGE
Bone is defined as the hard connective tissue made up of calcium and phosphorus salt and Cartilage is the very soft bony structure which made up of flexible tissues. There are 206 bones present in our body. In an infant, there are 350 bones are present which are very small as we grown up, all the bones are fused together which after that remains only 206. Our skeleton system having four parts.
First part is known as SKULL - It is a structure of eight flattened bones joint together which gives shape to our head, skull also protects our brain. Skull is divided into two parts, the upper part is known as caranium which having 8 bones and second part is known as facial which contains 12 bones, the only movable part of skull is lower jaw.
Second part is our CHEST REGION - Chest region consists of Ribcage (24 bones, it protects our heart and lungs) and spine (it protects our spinal cord and is made up of 33 small ring like structure which is known as vertebrae.
Third part is our LEGS AND ARMS- which helps in movement of our whole body, there are 60 bones present in our arms and 60 bones present in our legs.
Fourth part is our PELVIS REGION- in which four bones are present and which keeps our backbone in proper posture.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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Now, in this topic we will go through the process of our respiratory system, how it work out. Respiratory system is the second main system of our body. Its function is to purify the blood and to supply it into the whole body through heart. Respiration is the process which supports breathing in which we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
The main organs of respiratory system are
NOSE
WIND PIPE (TRACHEA)
LUNGS
BRONCHUS
BRONCHITIS
BRONCULES
ALVEOLI
Oxygen enters in our body through the nose and it goes through windpipe, when wind pipe is divided into two ie. known as Bronchitis. When bronchitis are further divided into branches, they are known as bronchus. And bronchus is again divided into broncules At the ends of the broncules, there are small rounded knot like structure, they are known as Alveoli. All these broncules and alveoli are present in lungs. As the oxygen enters into the windpipe, it will goes through bronchus into our lungs, exchange of gases takes place in the lungs through alveolie by the process of diffusion, which results in emission of carbon dioxide. As alveoli are surrounded by so many veins which carry impure blood (the blood which carries carbon dioxide). Now, as concentration of carbon dioxide in the veins are more than in the alvoelie, so it will move from higher concentration to lower concentration area and as concentration of oxygen is more in the alvoelie than veins, so oxygen will move from alveolie to vein and mixes with blood. By this process blood is purified and send back to heart and carbon dioxide is thrown out from our body.
Now, in this topic we will go through the process of our respiratory system, how it work out. Respiratory system is the second main system of our body. Its function is to purify the blood and to supply it into the whole body through heart. Respiration is the process which supports breathing in which we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
The main organs of respiratory system are
NOSE
WIND PIPE (TRACHEA)
LUNGS
BRONCHUS
BRONCHITIS
BRONCULES
ALVEOLI
Oxygen enters in our body through the nose and it goes through windpipe, when wind pipe is divided into two ie. known as Bronchitis. When bronchitis are further divided into branches, they are known as bronchus. And bronchus is again divided into broncules At the ends of the broncules, there are small rounded knot like structure, they are known as Alveoli. All these broncules and alveoli are present in lungs. As the oxygen enters into the windpipe, it will goes through bronchus into our lungs, exchange of gases takes place in the lungs through alveolie by the process of diffusion, which results in emission of carbon dioxide. As alveoli are surrounded by so many veins which carry impure blood (the blood which carries carbon dioxide). Now, as concentration of carbon dioxide in the veins are more than in the alvoelie, so it will move from higher concentration to lower concentration area and as concentration of oxygen is more in the alvoelie than veins, so oxygen will move from alveolie to vein and mixes with blood. By this process blood is purified and send back to heart and carbon dioxide is thrown out from our body.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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Here I will discuss digestive system with you. it is main system of our body. It digest food and give energy to our body.The main organs of our digestive system are mouth, oesophagus (food pipe), stomach, small intestine, large intestine, lever,and anus.we eat food through our mouth as food enters in our body through our mouth food breaks into smaller pieces and mixes with saliva.so that it can easily swallowed and it reaches to stomach through oesophagus. food pipe just act as a path which passe. then foods the food to stomach there is no change in the the food in the oesophagus. when food reaches to stomach it mixes with different digestive juices.the food is churned in the stomach.Just like as spices churned in the mixer. After churning food goes into small intestine where actual digestion of food take place. It absorbs all the water and nutrients from the food and supply it to the whole body through the blood.After it, the food goes into large intestine, where remaining water is absorbed from food and waste is thrown from our body through anus.
Diseases of digestive system
Constipation
Stomach ache
Loose motion
Vomiting
Gastric problem
Here I will discuss digestive system with you. it is main system of our body. It digest food and give energy to our body.The main organs of our digestive system are mouth, oesophagus (food pipe), stomach, small intestine, large intestine, lever,and anus.we eat food through our mouth as food enters in our body through our mouth food breaks into smaller pieces and mixes with saliva.so that it can easily swallowed and it reaches to stomach through oesophagus. food pipe just act as a path which passe. then foods the food to stomach there is no change in the the food in the oesophagus. when food reaches to stomach it mixes with different digestive juices.the food is churned in the stomach.Just like as spices churned in the mixer. After churning food goes into small intestine where actual digestion of food take place. It absorbs all the water and nutrients from the food and supply it to the whole body through the blood.After it, the food goes into large intestine, where remaining water is absorbed from food and waste is thrown from our body through anus.
Diseases of digestive system
Constipation
Stomach ache
Loose motion
Vomiting
Gastric problem
Saturday, November 13, 2010
FOOD CATEGORIZED
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Categories of Food
Body building food - Now when we see a advertizement that all the milk drinks like horlicks, complan, boost and other energy drinks, they does normally show that these energy drinks helps in child growth because it contains a lot of protein which helps in your good growth, it means protein is the neccessary source for our growth and the food which makes our body and growth that is known as body bulding food and protein is known as body building nutrient
Sources of proteins are milk, egg, soyabean, pulses etc.
Proteins are not stored in our body like carbohydrate for later use
Fatty food - All the oily food known as fatty food like butter, ghee, oil refined, dalda, junk food, fried food etc. All these foods give you twice energy as that given by carbohydrate. They also store in our body for later use. Excess of fats makes our body bulky and also increase our chlorestrol.
Categories of Food
- Energy giving food
- Body building food
- Fatty food
Body building food - Now when we see a advertizement that all the milk drinks like horlicks, complan, boost and other energy drinks, they does normally show that these energy drinks helps in child growth because it contains a lot of protein which helps in your good growth, it means protein is the neccessary source for our growth and the food which makes our body and growth that is known as body bulding food and protein is known as body building nutrient
Sources of proteins are milk, egg, soyabean, pulses etc.
Proteins are not stored in our body like carbohydrate for later use
Fatty food - All the oily food known as fatty food like butter, ghee, oil refined, dalda, junk food, fried food etc. All these foods give you twice energy as that given by carbohydrate. They also store in our body for later use. Excess of fats makes our body bulky and also increase our chlorestrol.
FOOD- BALANCED DIET
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Food is the main source of energy of all living organisms. Energy spent when we do some work. Food performs different functions in our body in our daily routine.
Food is the main source of energy of all living organisms. Energy spent when we do some work. Food performs different functions in our body in our daily routine.
- It repair all the damage tissues and cells.
- It helps in our growth
- It helps in maintain our different life processes like excreation, swetting, digestion etc.
- It keeps our body fits and energetic
FLOWER ENCYCLOPEDIA
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Today, we are discussing about the parts of flowers. A flower is the most attractive and beautiful part of plant which attract the insects for polination, which further reproduce more flower. A flower basically has four whorls i.e. seppal, petal, androecium and gynoecium. Sepal is the outer green leaf like structure which protects the flower at budstage. Petal is the colorful part of flower. Androecium is the male part of flower which consist of filament and anther.
Polan grains are produced in polan sacs which is present in anther. Polan grains are yellow colored powdery substance which further help in fertilization. Gynoecium is the female part of the flower consists of stigma, style and ovary. Style is the long tubeless structure from which polan grains travels from stigma to ovary. ovary contains ovules which after fertilization changes into seeds. And ovary changes into fruits.
Today, we are discussing about the parts of flowers. A flower is the most attractive and beautiful part of plant which attract the insects for polination, which further reproduce more flower. A flower basically has four whorls i.e. seppal, petal, androecium and gynoecium. Sepal is the outer green leaf like structure which protects the flower at budstage. Petal is the colorful part of flower. Androecium is the male part of flower which consist of filament and anther.
Polan grains are produced in polan sacs which is present in anther. Polan grains are yellow colored powdery substance which further help in fertilization. Gynoecium is the female part of the flower consists of stigma, style and ovary. Style is the long tubeless structure from which polan grains travels from stigma to ovary. ovary contains ovules which after fertilization changes into seeds. And ovary changes into fruits.
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